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Anfal-Operationen gegen die kurdische Bevölkerung
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Anfal-Operationen gegen die kurdische Bevölkerung

Anfal-Operationen gegen die kurdische Bevölkerung
#Enfal# heißt das Massaker in Südkurdistan, welches von dem Regime „Baath“ an die Kurden im Südkurdistan gerichtet war. Der Name Anfal kommt aus einer Sure des Korans und bedeutet „legitime Beute“ im Krieg. Mit Anfal wollte das Baath-Regime eine völlige Umstrukturierung des Landes bewirken. Kurdische Dörfer sollten zerstört, die Landwirtschaft dort zu abhängigen Lagern abgetrennt werden. Gründe für dieses Vorgehen waren vor allem die außenpolitischen Probleme des Iraks mit seinem Nachbarn Iran und das Scheitern gegen die kurdischen Peshmerga auf irakisch-kurdischem Gebiet, in der heutigen Autonomen Region Kurdistans. Die kurdische Bevölkerung, die sich weiterhin weigerte, dem Arabisierungsprozess des Baath-Regimes zu folgen, wurde als Staatsfeind angesehen.
Jedes Jahr organisiert die kurdische Regierung in der Autonomen Region Kurdistan verschiedene Aktivitäten, anlässlich zum Gedenken an die Opfer dieses Massakers. In 8 Etappen hat man innerhalb von 6 Monaten, vom 21. Februar bis zum 6.August 1988, insgesamt 182 000 Kurden massakriert. Das Baath-Regime hat bis zum Jahr 1990 ca. 210.641 zivile Kurden getötet.
Die erste Anfal-Operation begann am 21. Februar in Dola Caf (Cafetî) und endete am 6. September 1988 in Zaxo. Sie traf die Orte von Zaxo bis Hemrîn, Qeladiza Silêmanî, Şivan und Axçelera Kerkûk und auch andere kurdische Gebiete. Tausende Kurden wurden getötet. Viele Menschen mussten nach Ost-Kurdistan (West-Iran) und Nord-Kurdistan (Ost-Türkei) fliehen. Beim Fluchtversuch wurden viele gefangen genommen und in Vernichtungslagern gebracht.
Viele junge kurdische Mädchen und Frauen wurden für die Heirat mit arabischen Scheichs von ihren Familien getrennt. Internationale Statistiken beziffern die Zahl der in der Anfal-Operation Ermordeten mit 180.000. Viele davon wurden sogar lebendig begraben. Zahlreiche junge kurdische Mädchen und Frauen wurden vom Rest der Bevölkerung für reiche arabischen Scheichs abgegeben und auch für Prostitution nach Ägypten und in die Türkei gebracht. Nach dem Sturz von Baath-Regime in Irak wurden viele Massengräber entdeckt.
Anfal-Operationen gegen die kurdische Bevölkerung
Die militärische Anfal-Operation umfasste acht Einsätze zwischen Februar und September 1988:
• Die erste Anfal-Operation war vom 21.02.1988 bis 18.03.1988 und traf die Gebiete Dolê Cafayetî und Merge.
• Die zweite Anfal-Operation war vom 22.03.1988 bis 01.04.1988 und traf Qeredax Gebiete.
• Die dritte Anfal-Operation war vom 31.03.1988 bis 18.04.1988 und traf Germiyan Gebiete.
• Die vierte Anfal-Operation war vom 20.04.1988 bis 05.05.1988 und traf Hesker, Goptepe, Şiwan, Qela Sewke und Deşta Koye.
• Die fünfte, sechste und siebte Anfal-Operation war vom 24.05.1988 bis 31.08.1988 und traf Şeqlawe und Rewandiz Gebiete.
• Die achte Anfal-Operation war vom 25.08.1988- 06.09.1988 und traf Behdînan und Zaxo Gebiete.
Quelle: Artikel aus dem Archiv von Firatnews, veröffenticht am 13.04.12. Übersetzt von Ismail Zagros.[1]
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[1] Website | Deutsch | http://ismailzagros.blogspot.com/
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Added by ( Hazhar Kamala ) on 17-09-2023
This article has been reviewed and released by ( Sara Kamela ) on 20-09-2023
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