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Nezami Ganjavi

Nezami Ganjavi
Nezami Ganjavi (jina kamili: Hakim Jamal al-Din Abu Muhammad Elias bin Yusuf bin Zaki bin Muayyid Nezami Ganjavi) ni mshairi mashuhuri wa Iran.

=KTML_Bold=Maisha
Kuzaliwa kwake na malezi=KTML_End=
Alizaliwa katika mji wa Ganja mwaka 535 Hijria. Baadhi ya wanahistoria wanaeleza kuwa, mshairi huyo kazaliwa pembezoni mwa mji wa Qum ulioko nchini Iran. Jamaluddin Abu Mohammad hakuweza kupata upendo wa wazazi wake kwa muda mrefu; kwani wazazi wake walifariki dunia akiwa bado mtoto na kupata malezi akiwa mtoto yatima. Ushahidi wa kihistoria unaonyesha kuwa, Nezami Ganjavi hakuwahi kuondoka katika mji wa Ganja akiwa bado na umri mdogo, na alipofikia marika ya ujana, aliweza kujifunza sanaa na ujuzi mbalimbali na hatimaye alikuwa na ufasaha wa kuzungumza na kuandika lugha za Kiarabu, Kiajemi na Kipahlavi. Waandishi na wanahistoria hawakubaliani kuhusu tarehe ya kuzaliwa na kifo chake, lakini katika kazi zake zilizobaki za ushairi wanakubaliana kimtazamo. Baadhi wanaamini alizaliwa katika eneo la Ganja, lakini wengine wanasema alizaliwa magharibi ya nyanda za juu za Iran. Lakini kile kinachokubaliwa na wanahistoria wote ni kuwa, kwa miaka mingi aliishi katika mji wa Ganja hadi ulipomkuta umauti wake.

=KTML_Bold=Wazazi wa Nezami Ganjavi=KTML_End=
Kuna tofauti za maoni kuhusu kuzaliwa kwa baba wa mshairi Nezami Ganjavi, na baadhi ya vyanzo vinaeleza kuwa anatoka Tafresh au Farahan. Lakini Behrouz Thorotian (mtafiti wa fasihi, mwanasayansi na profesa mstaafu) anaeleza kuwa, mwanzo wa beti za mashairi ya Layla na Majnoon, zinaonyesha kuwa alikuwa na asili ya Kiajemi. Ameendelea kusema kuwa, ubeti wa 36 wa shairi la Leyla na Majnoon, unafichua kazi na nafasi ya mshairi ambaye alikuwa Dehqan yaani “mkulima” na kuitambulisha jamii yake kuwa ni Muajemi. Kwa Wairani neno Dehqan mkulima linamaanisha mmiliki wa ardhi ya kilimo; malenga Ferdowsi naye katika beti zake amefafanua kuwa, tafsiri ya neno hilo lilitumika baadaye kwa Wairani wote. Kwa kuongezea, neno Dehqan mkulima lilitumiwa pia kwa maana ya mwanahistoria. Kwa hivyo, inaweza kueleweka kuwa Nezami Ganjavi anajitambulisha kama malenga, mkulima wa Iran, mwanahistoria, muimbaji wa mashairi na mmiliki wa ardhi ya kilimo. Wakulima wamekuwa na jukumu la kuhifadhi tamaduni na historia ya Iran katika kipindi cha Kiislamu, na kwa ufupi, familia ya Nezami Ganjavi inaweza kuchukuliwa kuwa familia ya wakulima wenye ufahamu wa kitamaduni na utajiri wa mali ambao wamekuwa na nafasi muhimu katika fasihi. Nezami Ganjavi alikuwa mshairi mashuhuri, mwandishi wa riwaya, mwenye hekima na ambaye amekuwa na ushawishi mkubwa katika fasihi ya Kiajemi na daima ametajwa kuwa mtu muhimu katika historia.

=KTML_Bold=Mke na watoto=KTML_End=
Kuna mazungumzo mengi yaliyosemwa kuhusu mke na watoto wake, lakini kila mtu ana hakika kwamba mke wake alifariki dunia wakati wa uhai wa mshairi huyo na alikuwa na mtoto wa mmoja wa kiume anayeitwa Muhammad.

=KTML_Bold=Historia yake na kazi zake=KTML_End=
Nezami ni bingwa wa mshairi anayepaswa kuzingatiwa kwenye mihimili na nguzo za ushairi wa Kiajemi. Yeye ni mmoja wa malenga aliyekuwa na kipaji cha kuandika mashairi na kuyasoma kwa sauti nzuri, iliyowavutia wasikilizaji. Ingawa hekaya na simulizi za hadithi za Kiajemi hazikuanzishwa na Nezami, lakini gwiji huyo anahesabiwa kuwa ni mshairi pekee aliyeweza kuendeleza ushairi wa mafumbo kwa kiwango cha juu zaidi kufikia mwisho wa karne ya sita. Nezami aliweza kujiwekea nafasi maalumu katika fasihi ya lugha ya Kifarsi inayotumika Iran na ametumia takriban miaka thelathini ya maisha yake akitunga mkusanyiko wake wa mashairi yanayoitwa Hazina Tano au Khamseh.

=KTML_Bold=Hazina Tano (Khamseh)=KTML_End=
Mkusanyiko huu una mashairi matano marefu, ambayo ni:

Makhzan al-Asrar
Khosrow na Shirin
Lalya na Majnoon
Haft Peykar
Iskander Nameh

Kitabu cha kwanza kati ya dafina na hazina tano ya vitabu vyake kinaitwa Hazina ya Siri, kimesheheni beti za mashairi zinazokaribia 2260, na mashairi hayo ameyapa jina la Fakhruddin Bahram Shah bin Dawood mfalme wa Arzangan. Mkabala wake, Fakhruddin Bahram Shah alimzawadia Nezami dinari 5,000, kutokana na shairi hilo. Kitabu cha pili kati ya hazina na dafina tano ni shairi la Khosrow Shirin ambalo limetungwa na ujazo wake ni wa beti 6500. Kitabu cha tatu ni cha Layla na Majnoon ambacho ni maarufu duniani, kimesheheni beti 4700 za mashairi. Kitabu cha nne, kati ya hazina tano kimepewa jina la Bahram au Kuba Saba, kina jumla ya beti 5136 za mashairi. Kitabu cha tano, kati ya hazina tano kimepewa jina la Eskandar. Mjumuiko wa mashairi ya Eskandar una jumla ya beti 10500, na kimegawanyika katika sehemu mbili. Sehemu ya kwanza ameipa jina la Sharafnameh na sehemu ya pili ameipa jina la Iqbalnameh. Katika sehemu ya kwanza, Nezami anamtambulisha Eskandar kama mshindi mkuu na katika sehemu ya pili, anamtambulisha kama mtu mwenye hekima. Kitabu hicho kilikamilika mnamo mwaka 599 Hijria na kupewa jina la Nusrat al-Din Abu Bakr Muhammad Jahan Pahlavan. Pia, mkusanyo wa mashairi yaliyosalia kutoka kwa Nezami ni pamoja na mashairi ya sauti vipande ambavyo vina nafasi maalumu katika fasihi ya Kiajemi. Ingawa umaarufu mwingi wa Nezami unatokana na kutunga mashairi ya mapenzi, yenye hekima na sahili. Kwa maneno mengine, mashairi yake ni rahisi lakini ya kina, na mashairi yake yalikuwa yanamfanya mtu kufikiria na kutafakari kwa kina ili kupata siri iliyofichwa katika maneno yake. Kuna jumbe nyingi za kifalsafa ambazo zimeelezwa kwa kutumia maneno mepesi na fasaha, badala ya kutumia maneno magumu na mazito. Nyingi za beti zake za mashairi zilikuwa zikielezea maisha ya akhera, sanjari na kuyafurahia maisha mafupi ya ulimwenguni.

Kwa bahati mbaya, hakuna wasifu sahihi ulioandikwa wa mshairi na malenga huyu wa Kiirani Nezami Ganjavi. Nezami Ganjavi anajulikana kama mwanahekima stadi katika karne ya sita kutokana na kubobea na ujuzi wake mkubwa wa sayansi ya kiakili ya wakati ule kama vile Elimu ya Nyota, Mantiki, Falsafa, Sheria (Fiqh), Qurani Tukufu, Hadithi na Lugha ya Kiarabu. Wanahistoria wanaeleza kuwa, Nezami Ganjavi hakuwahi kufanya safari yoyote nje ya eneo la Ganja, bali ilipotimia mwaka 581 Hijria, malenga huyo alifanya safari ya umbali wa kilomita 50 kutoka Ganja kwa mwaliko wa mtawala Ghezel Arsalan wa Seljuk, na huko alipewa heshima kubwa na mtawala huyo.

Nezami Ganjavi na Khaghani walikuwa malenga na washairi wa zama zao. Ingawa watu hao hawakuwahi kuonana, walitunga mistari na beti za mashairi zinazoelezea adhama na sifa muhimu za maadili. Washairi hao wawili walikuwa na mahusiano na mashirikiano mazuri kati yao.

Nezami Ganjavi anaweza kuchukuliwa kuwa mmoja wa washairi bora wa fasihi ya Kiajemi, na hakuwa mwenye kujipendekeza kwa wafalme kwa kuandika maisha yao binafsi. Hii haimaanishi kwamba hakuwataja wafalme wake katika kazi zake; ingawa pia yeye hakuwa mshairi wa mahakamani na wala hakuandika mashairi kwa ajili ya kupata mishahara, bali kwa minajili ya kupata thawabu. Hata hivyo, aliweka wakfu kazi zake nyingi kwa wafalme au katika mji wa Ganja. Bila shaka Nezami alikuwa mtu wa busara, mwenye ujuzi kamili wa fani ya elimu ya nyota na unajimu, athari hizo zinashuhudiwa na kuonekana katika kazi zake. Nezami Ganjavi alikuwa hodari wa kutumia istilahi za kawaida na za mafumbo katika kazi zake, na anaposimulia hadithi , huwa ni rahisi kueleweka kwa watu wanaosikiliza. Miongoni mwa washairi wa lugha ya Kiajemi, Nezami ni maarufu katika mashairi yake ya upendo. Khosrow Shirin, Layla na Majnoon ni miongoni mwa kazi bora na nzuri zaidi zinazoonyesha upendo na mapenzi katika zama zake. Imeelezwa kuwa, ushairi wa Nezami ulikuwa sahili na fasaha, lakini wakati mwingine ulikuwa ukitumia maneno ya Kiarabu kupita kiasi, uhamishaji wa kanuni na misingi ya hekima, mafumbo na sayansi ya kimantiki na kiakili, kumeufanya ushairi na usemi wake wakati fulani kuwa mgumu; hata hivyo hakusita kuendelea na majukumu yake, balina aliendelea kutumia mchanganyiko wa maneno kwa uangalifu mkubwa katika kufanya kazi hii ya sanaa.

Ganjavi alikuwa mahiri katika kubuni na kutafuta semi, maneno na muundo mpya maalumu unaoendana na kusifu hali halisi na shakhsia; sifa ambazo hakuwa nazo mshairi mwingine yeyote yule katika zama zake. Ubunifu na uhodari aliokuwa nao Nezami Ganjavi katika kutunga mashairi, kulileta msisimko mkubwa kwa washairi wengine na kulazimika kufuata athari zake. Wako washairi na malenga wengi ambao waliamua kufuata athari za Ganjavi. Malenga mkubwa wa kwanza kabisa aliyeamua kumfuata Nezami Ganjavi katika utaratibu wa (hazina tano) alikuwa Amir Khosrow Dehlavi, na washairi wengine wakubwa kama akina Khajavi Kermanijami, Hatefi, Vahshi Bafghy na Azeri Bigdeli.

=KTML_Bold=Mashairi Mengine=KTML_End=
Mbali na hazina tano na mashairi ya kasida, anayo pia mashairi ya sauti. Nezami ana mashairi kadhaa ambayo ameyaandika ambayo yana mvuto wa kimawaidha na kihekima. Malenga huyo pia alijikita pia katika misingi ya elimu ya Irfaan, alikuwa zuhudi na kupelekea wafalme kumpa heshima yake, pindi wanapokutana. Alifanikiwa kuwaandikia wafalme beti elfu ishirini za mashairi, na hivi sasa kiasi kikubwa cha beti hizo bado zingalipo. [1]
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[1] Website | Kiswahili سَوَاحِلي | Wikipedia
Linked items: 23
Group: Biography
Articles language: Kiswahili سَوَاحِلي
Date of Birth: 00-00-1840
Date of Death: 00-00-1915 (75 Year)
Alive?: No
Country of birth: Azerbaijan
Country of death: Azerbaijan
Gender: Male
Language - Dialect: Persian
Language - Dialect: Arabic
People type: Poet
Place of Residence: Diaspora
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Added by ( Shadi Akoyi ) on 12-08-2024
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Content search
Kurdipedia is the largest multilingual sources for Kurdish information!
Biography
Lisa Calan
Archaeological places
Mosque (Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi) in the city of Faraqin
Image and Description
AN EXAMPLE OF BAATHS SOCIALISM AND DEMOCRACY IN KURDISTAN OF IRAQ
Library
Tourism Establishment Survey in Kurdistan Region 2020
Biography
Raman Salah
Library
Internal trade Survey in private sector in Iraq and Kurdistan Region 2012-2013
Library
Tourism establishments survey in Kurdistan region 2016
Archaeological places
Shemzinan Bridge
Image and Description
Picture of Kurdish school children, Halabja in south Kurdistan 1965
Biography
Shilan Fuad Hussain
Articles
Trade exchange (import) in Kurdistan region 2016-2017
Biography
Jasmin Moghbeli
Library
Trial Monitoring Program Report
Archaeological places
Hassoun Caves
Biography
Hardawan Mahmoud Kakashekh
Biography
Hanifi Baris
Biography
Rez Gardi
Biography
Zeynep Kaya
Biography
Hafiz Akdemir
Biography
Haval Hussein Saeed
Archaeological places
The tomb of the historian Marduk Kurdistani
Archaeological places
Cendera Bridge
Articles
Genocidal Rape and Community Cohesion: The Case of Yezidis
Image and Description
Kurdish Jews from Mahabad (Saujbulak), Kurdistan, 1910
Articles
Country Briefing Kurdistan-Iraq
Articles
Koya’s Archaeological Sites in Number: Renovation as a Tourism Sector for Financial Purpose
Articles
Stereotyped Roles for Men and Women in Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Image and Description
A Kurdish army in Istanbul to participate in the Battle of the Dardanelles in 1918
Image and Description
The Kurdish Quarter, which is located at the bottom of Mount Canaan in Safed, Palestine in 1946
Library
Tourism Establishment survey in Kurdistan Region 2013

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