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Tod in der Luft. Der Giftgasangriff auf Halabdscha am 16. März 1988
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Sowjetisches Flugzeug der irakischen Luftwaffe ausgestellt auf dem Gelände ...

Sowjetisches Flugzeug der irakischen Luftwaffe ausgestellt auf dem Gelände ...
Von Silvia-Lucretia Nicola
An einem von Deutschland eher fernen Ort wird der süßliche Geruch von Äpfeln nicht mit dem frühlingshaften Neuanfang, sondern eher mit dem Tod in Verbindung gebracht; und das seit nunmehr 35 Jahren. In Halabdscha, einer kleinen, mehrheitlich von Kurden und Kurdinnen bewohnten Stadt im Irak, unweit der iranischen Grenze und der Hawraman-Gebirgskette und circa 350 Kilometer nordöstlich von Bagdad, ist die Zeit an einem Mittwoch, dem 16. März 1988, stehengeblieben.
Wie so oft während des verlustreichen achtjährigen Krieges zwischen dem Iran und dem Irak, der zwischen 1980 und 1988 ausgetragen wurde, wurden auch an diesem Tag die Sirenen in der Stadt aufgrund von schwerem Artilleriebeschuss und stundenlangen Luftangriffen des irakischen Militärs ausgelöst. Seit dem 13-03-1988 kam es in der Gegend um Halabdscha zu Zusammenstößen zwischen den Armeen beider Staaten, nachdem der Iran mit Unterstützung kurdischer Kämpfer tief in irakisches Gebiet eingedrungen war. Dennoch sollten die Ereignisse des 16. März 1988 viel mehr als “nur” eine weitere militärische Operation in einem zwischenstaatlichen Krieg darstellen.

Nachdem die Fenster der Wohnhäuser zerstört wurden, versuchten viele Einwohner der Stadt Halabdscha, sich in ihren Kellern in Sicherheit zu bringen. Was vielen Menschen möglicherweise zuvor oft das Leben gerettet hatte, sollte an dem schicksalhaften 16. März 1988 zum Verhängnis werden. Die Ruhe vor dem eigentlichen »Sturm« wurde ein weiteres Mal durch einen Helikopter gestört, der Papierfetzen abwarf. Diese eigenartige Aktion war jedoch kein Versehen, sondern diente dazu, in Erfahrung zu bringen, aus welcher Richtung der Wind an dem Tag wehte, von Westen nach Osten.

Gegen Nachmittag erschienen von irakischen Piloten geflogenen Jagdbombern sowjetischer Bauart vom Typ Suchoi über der Stadt. Dieses Mal warfen sie jedoch weder konventionelle Bomben noch Flugblätter auf die Stadt, sondern einen giftigen »Cocktail« aus mehreren chemischen Kampfstoffen: Senfgas, Sarin, VX und Tabun, das einen trügerischen, fruchtigen Geruch verbreitet, der an den Geruch von Äpfeln erinnert. Da die freigesetzten chemischen Giftgase schwerer als Luft sind, sanken sie schnell und füllten die Keller. Dieser Zufluchtsort vieler Einwohner verwandelte sich in ein Verlies, aus dem nicht mehr rechtzeitig entkommen werden konnte. [1]
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[1] Website | Deutsch | zms.bundeswehr.de 14-03-2023
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Publication date: 14-03-2023 (1 Year)
Cities: Halabja
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