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Mardin
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Mardin

Mardin
Mardin (Koerdisch: Mêrdîn) is een stad in de gelijknamige Koerdische provincie Merdin in Noord-Koerdistan, gebouwd op de rotsen van een vulkaan. De stad heeft ongeveer 745.778 (2007) inwoners en is bekend vanwege haar specifieke architectuur.
De stad heeft een zeer gemengde bevolking, bestaande uit ongeveer even grote groepen Arabieren en Koerden. Daarnaast is er een kleine minderheid Suryoye en Armeniërs.
Mardin is wel een oude stad, hoewel nog weinig van bekend is uit pre-Romeinse tijden. Het is wel zeker dat het in de Assyrische tijd al bestond. Onder de Romeinen was het Marida genoemd. Er werd een fort gebouwd op de heuvel met uitzicht op de stad. Vanuit de stad kijkt men over de Zuid-Syrische tot de Mesopotamische vlakte.
Na het provinciale grondgebied van 12.760 vierkante kilometer, ligt het gebied op de plaats waar het Zuidoost-Taurus gebergte en het Arabische platform naar het zuiden samenkomen. Het gebied genaamd "Mardin-Midyat Passage" vormt een groot deel van het grondgebied van de provincie.
De stad is bekend als "Marde"door de Perzen, "Mardia"door de Byzantijnse, "Maridin"door de Arabieren en "Merde-Merdo-Merdi" door de Syrische. Deze werden omgevormd tot "Mardin".
Volgens de geschiedenis van de stad leefde deze onder de heerschappij van de Hurri-Mitani, Hethieten, Surs, Babyloniërs, Perzen, Romeinen, Arabieren en de Seltsjoeken. Later wordt de Mardin onderdeel van het Artuklu Koninkrijk genaamd "Tabaka Ilgaziyye" en de stad kende zijn bloeiperiode in dit koninkrijk.
Centrum van Mardin
Het centrum heeft prachtige steegjes, met mooie huizen. Er is een kleine maar mooie overdekte bazaar en de stad heeft een paar mooie moskeeën en een aantal medreses of koranscholen, opgetrokken uit met fraaie stenen.
Sommige huizen hebben aparte afdelingen voor mannen. Het belangrijkste kenmerk van deze huizen is het vakmanschap genaamd "Midyat Werk". Deuren, ramen en kleine kolommen zijn gekleed met bogen en verschillende motieven. De centrale nederzetting kreeg de status van stedelijk gebied. De deur kloppers hebben een kenmerkende vorm die lijkt op de snavel van een vogel. Vaak zijn er rijstroken die lopen door gewelfde tunnels onder de huizen. Hulpgravures van dieren en fruit geven de stad een droomachtig karakter, waarin de moderne wereld lijkt te vervagen.
De beste voorbeelden van de architectuur van Mardin kan gevonden worden op de Kiziltepe Artutid, 21 km ten zuiden van Mardin, met de 13e eeuwse Grote Moskee met een speciaal altaarreliëf en een prachtig versierde poort.
En niet te vergeten Hasankeyf, op de grens van de provincie Batman, zie je de ruïnes van de de hoofdstad van de Artutids tijdens de twaalfde eeuw. Tussen de ruïnes is de brug die ooit de twee delen van de stad over de Tigris en het paleis met elkaar verbond, te zien.
Geschreven door: Sipan
Bron: Besnur.com, wiki, wikitravel.
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Group: Places
Articles language: Nederlands
Country - Province: North Kurdistan
Language - Dialect: Kurdish - Badini
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Biography - People type - Poet Biography - People type - Informational Biography - Gender - Male Biography - Language - Dialect - Kurdish - Sorani Biography - Place of birth - Sulaimaniyah Biography - Nation - Kurd Biography - Country of birth - South Kurdistan Library - Content category - History Library - Document Type - Original language Library - Language - Dialect - English

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