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Group: Places | Articles language: Čeština - Czech
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Erzurum

Erzurum
Erzurum je město ve východním Turecku v nadmořské výšce 1950 m. Má 420 tisíc obyvatel (odhad 2005) a je hlavním městem stejnojmenné provincie.

=KTML_Bold=Historie=KTML_End=
Město bylo založeno již v dávných dobách, jeho počátky se datují do 4. tisíciletí př. n. l. Od dob svého založení vystřídalo mnoho vládců, nejdříve staré anatolské kmeny, později od roku 387 Římané (latinský název Theodosiopolis po Theodosiu I.), kteří zde vybudovali strategickou pevnost. V roce 700 Theodosiopolis dobyli Arabové, později v letech 931 a 949 byzancký generál Theophilos Kourkouas město osvobodil a vyhnal z něj Araby, císař Basil II. město v roce 1018 opevnil, po bitvě u Mantzikertu bylo dobyto Seldžuky, později Mongoly a v poslední řadě až Turky (od roku 1514). Pozůstatky po těchto vládcích jsou uchovány v městském archeologickém muzeu. V 19. století sloužil Erzurum jako pevnost před útočícími Rusy ze severu, přesto jej carské Rusko v letech 1829, 1877 a 1916 třikrát obsadilo. Po pádu impéria právě zde Mustafa Kemal Atatürk ustanovil Radu delegátů národa (23. července 1919).

=KTML_Bold=Významné stavby=KTML_End=
Velká mešita (ještě ze Sulejmanských dob)
Dvojitý minaret - Cifte Minareli
Památník turecko-ruské války

=KTML_Bold=Slavní rodáci=KTML_End=
Armenak Arzrouni (1901–1963) - arménský fotograf
Cemal Gürsel (1895–1966) - čtvrtý turecký prezident
Fethullah Gülen (* 1941) - turecký islámský učenec
[1]
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[1] Website | Čeština | wikipedia
Linked items: 21
1. Places ئەرزڕۆم
2. Places Erzurum
3. Places تاوسکر
4. Places ارزروم
5. Places Erzurum
6. Places Erzurum
7. Places Erzurum
8. Places ארזורום
9. Places Էրզրում
10. Places Ερζερούμ
11. Places Арзурум
12. Places Erzurum
13. Places Erzurum
14. Places Ерзурум
15. Places Erzurum
16. Places Erzurum
18. Places Ерзурум
19. Places Erzuruma
20. Places Erzurum
21. Places Ерзурум
Group: Places
Articles language: Čeština
Cities: Arzurom
Country - Province: North Kurdistan
Ethnic Change: Has been Turkishized
Language - Dialect: Kurdish - Zazaki
Language - Dialect: Turkish
Language - Dialect: Kurdish - Badini
Place: City
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Added by ( Shadi Akoyi ) on 17-09-2024
This article has been reviewed and released by ( Hawreh Bakhawan ) on 17-09-2024
This item recently updated by ( Hawreh Bakhawan ) on: 17-09-2024
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