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Erzurum
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Group: Places | Articles language: Polski - Polish
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Erzurum

Erzurum
Erzurum (orm. Կարին – Karin, gr. Θεοδοσιούπολις – Theodosioupolis) – miasto we wschodniej Turcji, na Wyżynie Armeńskiej, ośrodek administracyjny i stolica prowincji Erzurum. Według ostatniego spisu ludności miasto jest zamieszkiwane przez około 361 tysięcy mieszkańców. W 2021 mieszka w nim 756 tys. osób. Miasto leży na płaskowyżu, na wysokości około 1950 m n.p.m. u podnóży Gór Pontyjskich.

=KTML_Bold=Historia=KTML_End=
W starożytności miasto nosiło nazwę Karin. Było stolicą regionu o tej samej nazwie, będącego częścią królestwa Armenii. Po podziale królestwa pomiędzy cesarstwo rzymskie i Persję Sasanidów w 387 r. n.e. miasto przeszło pod zarząd rzymski. Rzymianie ufortyfikowali miasto i zmienili nazwę na Theodosiopolis na cześć cesarza Teodozjusza I Wielkiego. W 701 r. miasto zostało zdobyte przez Umajjadów. W 949 r. miasto zostało odbite przez Bizantyjczyków. Erzurum po raz pierwszy znalazło się pod tureckim panowaniem w 1071 r. po bitwie pod Manzikertem. Erzurum zostało zdobyte i złupione w 1242 r. przez Mongołów. Sułtan Selim I Groźny przywrócił tureckie rządy w regionie w 1514 r.

Miasto zostało zdobyte przez Rosjan w 1829 i 1878 r. jednak za każdym razem było przekazywane z powrotem w tureckie ręce, za drugim razem na podstawie pokoju w San Stefano. Do początków XX wieku miasto zamieszkiwała duża populacja Ormian, jednakże w latach 1915–1917 w ówczesnej Turcji, także w Erzurum doszło do ludobójstwa Ormian. W 1916 r. odbyła się tutaj bitwa pod Erzurum, w której wojska imperium rosyjskiego pod dowództwem generała Nikołaja Judenicza pokonały wojska imperium osmańskiego dowodzone przez Kerima Paszę. W wyniku tej bitwy Rosjanie zdobyli miasto.
=KTML_Photo_Begin=https://www.kurdipedia.org//files/relatedfiles/2024/596365/0005.JPG?ver=20240915093929=KTML_Photo_Alt=Erzurum (پۆڵەندی)=KTML_Style=width:25%;height:20%;float:left;=KTML_Photo_Target_Link=https://www.kurdipedia.org//files/relatedfiles/2024/596365/0005.JPG?ver=20240915093929=KTML_Photo_End=
=KTML_Bold=Sport=KTML_End=
W 2010 r. zakończono budowę kompleksu skoczni narciarskich Kiremitliktepe. Niedaleko położone są także ośrodki narciarskie Konakli Alp Disiplini Kayak Tesisi z trasami narciarstwa alpejskiego oraz Palandöken Ski Resort z trasami snowboardowymi i narciarstwa dowolnego.
W dniach 27 stycznia do 6 lutego 2011 r. odbyła się tutaj 25. zimowa uniwersjada. W 2012 r. przeprowadzono tutaj 45. Mistrzostwa Świata Juniorów w Narciarstwie Klasycznym.

=KTML_Bold=Ludzie związani z miastem=KTML_End=
=KTML_LIST_disc_LISTTYPE=Arif Sağ – muzyk,
Cemal Gürsel – czwarty prezydent Turcji,
Fethullah Gülen – uczony, myśliciel, pisarz,
Markos Wafiadis – grecki działacz komunistyczny
Muhammed Ali Bedir - skoczek narciarski=KTMLLISTEND=
[1]
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[1] Website | Polski | wikipedia
Linked items: 21
1. Places ئەرزڕۆم
2. Places Erzurum
3. Places تاوسکر
4. Places ارزروم
5. Places Erzurum
6. Places Erzurum
7. Places Erzurum
8. Places ארזורום
9. Places Էրզրում
10. Places Ερζερούμ
11. Places Арзурум
12. Places Erzurum
13. Places Ерзурум
14. Places Erzurum
15. Places Erzurum
17. Places Ерзурум
18. Places Erzurum
19. Places Erzuruma
20. Places Erzurum
21. Places Ерзурум
Group: Places
Articles language: Polski
Cities: Arzurom
Country - Province: North Kurdistan
Ethnic Change: Has been Turkishized
Language - Dialect: Kurdish - Zazaki
Language - Dialect: Turkish
Language - Dialect: Kurdish - Badini
Place: City
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Added by ( Shadi Akoyi ) on 17-09-2024
This article has been reviewed and released by ( Hawreh Bakhawan ) on 17-09-2024
This item recently updated by ( Hawreh Bakhawan ) on: 17-09-2024
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