Title: Covered in dust, veiled by shadow The Siege And Destruction Of Aleppo
Publisher: Syrian Accountability Project Leadership
Release date: 2017.
iege—the blockade and subjugation of a city—is an ancient and enduring strategy of war, responsible for some of the cruelest events in modern conflict: the battles of Sevastopol during the Crimean War, of Leningrad during World War II, and of Sarajevo during the Bosnian War.

Add to these notorious examples the 2016 Siege of Aleppo, an attritional campaign of the Syrian Civil War that lasted 160 days, from July to December, pitting the victorious Syrian Arab Republic against a rebel coalition mixed into a civilian population of some two million. Taken together, the Battle of Aleppo, which began in 2012, and the subsequent siege killed an estimated 31,000 people, with 75 percent of those believed to be civilians. One of the world’s oldest cities and a cultural capital, Aleppo was reduced to rubble.[1]