In 1975, the group (Second Scientific Research in Ethnomusicology in Iran and Turkey) made a fieldstudy of the music of the Kurds living in the Azerbaljan of Iran. Kurdish music is distinctive compared with that of other inhabitants in the region. All the songs collected in the villages have an antiphonal form which can be considered important in the Kurdish musical tradition. The songs of semi-professionals, recorded in the town, are characterized in parti-cular by their melodic structures. The research aims at understanding the `irhythmical sense which penetrates a culture as a whole to music as a sound phenomenon (Figure 1). This is a study on the music and culture of the Kurds
I. THERESEARCHPERSPECTIVE
Until the present, research on the theme of people and music has been conducted in one of two ways. The first is an anthropological approach, focusing on music and culture. The difliculty with this approach is that it tends to emphasize culture and a description of the circumference of music while neglecting music itself and the value of music as a sound phenomenon. Because music is a constituent of culture the study of other aspects of culture is indispensable for research on music. But if music and culture are discussed without refere' nce to sound, the music itself, the means will be mistaken for the end, The second approach is that of musicology, .which sets out to analyse the structure of music. The problem of this approach is that it tends to neglect the meaning of the music as a cultural phenomenon. In an extreme case, the object of study is just the sound phenomenon, a thing, and not music as a human expression. But music originates in a specific culture or society and its meaning cannot be grasped without an appreciation of the culture. In this approach ,too, there is a tendency to mistake the means for the end.The choice of one of these approaches is not relevant to this discussion. But fbr the further development of ethnomusicology a new direction is needed, one that could link both approaches and could also incorporate an understanding of the aesthetic sense and value of music, which is usually lacking in previous research.
Such a new direction must be based on the interdisciplinary strengths of musicology,anthropology, sociology and aesthetics.[1]
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