图书馆 图书馆
搜索

Kurdipedia是世界上最大的为库尔德信息来源!


Search Options





高级搜索      键盘


搜索
高级搜索
图书馆
库尔德人的名字
大事年表
来源
历史
用户集合
活动
搜索帮助吗?
出版
Video
分类
随机项目!
发送
发送文章
发送图片
Survey
你的反馈
联系
我们需要什么样的信息!
标准的属性
条款使用
项目质量
工具
大约
Kurdipedia Archivists
关于我们的文章!
添加到您的网站Kurdipedia
添加/删除电子邮件
访客统计
商品统计
字体转换器
日历转换器
语言和方言的页面
键盘
方便的链接
Kurdipedia extension for Google Chrome
Cookies
语言
کوردیی ناوەڕاست
کرمانجی
Kurmancî
هەورامی
Zazakî
English
Français
Deutsch
عربي
فارسی
Türkçe
Nederlands
Svenska
Español
Italiano
עברית
Pусский
Fins
Norsk
日本人
中国的
Հայերեն
Ελληνική
لەکی
Azərbaycanca
我的帐户
登录
会员!
忘记密码!
搜索 发送 工具 语言 我的帐户
高级搜索
图书馆
库尔德人的名字
大事年表
来源
历史
用户集合
活动
搜索帮助吗?
出版
Video
分类
随机项目!
发送文章
发送图片
Survey
你的反馈
联系
我们需要什么样的信息!
标准的属性
条款使用
项目质量
大约
Kurdipedia Archivists
关于我们的文章!
添加到您的网站Kurdipedia
添加/删除电子邮件
访客统计
商品统计
字体转换器
日历转换器
语言和方言的页面
键盘
方便的链接
Kurdipedia extension for Google Chrome
Cookies
کوردیی ناوەڕاست
کرمانجی
Kurmancî
هەورامی
Zazakî
English
Français
Deutsch
عربي
فارسی
Türkçe
Nederlands
Svenska
Español
Italiano
עברית
Pусский
Fins
Norsk
日本人
中国的
Հայերեն
Ελληνική
لەکی
Azərbaycanca
登录
会员!
忘记密码!
        
 kurdipedia.org 2008 - 2024
 大约
 随机项目!
 条款使用
 Kurdipedia Archivists
 你的反馈
 用户集合
 大事年表
 活动 - Kurdipedia
 帮助
新项目
的地方
皮兰沙赫尔
08-09-2024
شادی ئاکۆیی
传记
加扎利
19-08-2024
شادی ئاکۆیی
传记
尼扎米
12-08-2024
شادی ئاکۆیی
传记
马斯图拉·阿达兰
11-08-2024
شادی ئاکۆیی
的地方
萨勒马斯
07-08-2024
شادی ئاکۆیی
传记
迪尔达尔
02-08-2024
شادی ئاکۆیی
传记
巴赫特雅尔·阿里
27-07-2024
شادی ئاکۆیی
统计属性
文章
  537,605
图片
  109,819
书籍
  20,257
相关文件
  103,968
Video
  1,535
语言
کوردیی ناوەڕاست - Central Kurdish 
305,764
Kurmancî - Upper Kurdish (Latin) 
89,947
هەورامی - Kurdish Hawrami 
65,998
عربي - Arabic 
30,673
کرمانجی - Upper Kurdish (Arami) 
18,081
فارسی - Farsi 
9,731
English - English 
7,554
Türkçe - Turkish 
3,667
لوڕی - Kurdish Luri 
1,690
Deutsch - German 
1,686
Pусский - Russian 
1,140
Français - French 
348
Nederlands - Dutch 
130
Zazakî - Kurdish Zazaki 
91
Svenska - Swedish 
72
Español - Spanish 
55
Polski - Polish 
55
Հայերեն - Armenian 
52
Italiano - Italian 
52
لەکی - Kurdish Laki 
37
Azərbaycanca - Azerbaijani 
27
日本人 - Japanese 
21
中国的 - Chinese 
20
Norsk - Norwegian 
18
Ελληνική - Greek 
16
עברית - Hebrew 
16
Fins - Finnish 
12
Português - Portuguese 
10
Тоҷикӣ - Tajik 
9
Ozbek - Uzbek 
7
Esperanto - Esperanto 
6
Catalana - Catalana 
6
Čeština - Czech 
5
ქართველი - Georgian 
5
Srpski - Serbian 
4
Kiswahili سَوَاحِلي -  
3
Hrvatski - Croatian 
3
балгарская - Bulgarian 
2
हिन्दी - Hindi 
2
Lietuvių - Lithuanian 
2
қазақ - Kazakh 
1
Cebuano - Cebuano 
1
ترکمانی - Turkman (Arami Script) 
1
小组
中国的
传记 
9
的地方 
4
文章 
3
烈士 
1
图像和说明 
1
地图 
1
考古的地方 
1
MP3 
324
PDF 
31,323
MP4 
2,531
IMG 
201,063
∑   总计 
235,241
传记
马斯图拉·阿达兰
传记
加扎利
的地方
皮兰沙赫尔
烈士
玛莎·阿米尼之死
Iraq in Transition: Competing Actors and Complicated Politics
小组: 图书馆 | 文章语言: English - English
Share
Facebook0
Twitter0
Telegram0
LinkedIn0
WhatsApp0
Viber0
SMS0
Facebook Messenger0
E-Mail0
Copy Link0
排名项目
优秀
非常好
平均
添加到我的收藏
关于这个项目,您的评论!
项目历史
Metadata
RSS
所选项目相关的图像搜索在谷歌!
搜索在谷歌选定的项目!
کوردیی ناوەڕاست - Central Kurdish0
Kurmancî - Upper Kurdish (Latin)0
عربي - Arabic0
فارسی - Farsi0
Türkçe - Turkish0
עברית - Hebrew0
Deutsch - German0
Español - Spanish0
Français - French0
Italiano - Italian0
Nederlands - Dutch0
Svenska - Swedish0
Ελληνική - Greek0
Azərbaycanca - Azerbaijani0
Catalana - Catalana0
Čeština - Czech0
Esperanto - Esperanto0
Fins - Finnish0
Hrvatski - Croatian0
Lietuvių - Lithuanian0
Norsk - Norwegian0
Ozbek - Uzbek0
Polski - Polish0
Português - Portuguese0
Pусский - Russian0
Srpski - Serbian0
балгарская - Bulgarian0
қазақ - Kazakh0
Тоҷикӣ - Tajik0
Հայերեն - Armenian0
हिन्दी - Hindi0
ქართველი - Georgian0
中国的 - Chinese0
日本人 - Japanese0

Iraq in Transition: Competing Actors and Complicated Politics

Iraq in Transition: Competing Actors and Complicated Politics
Title: Iraq in Transition: Competing Actors and Complicated Politics
Author: Benedict Robin-D’Cruz, Renad Mansour, Inna Rudolf, Ramzy Mardini, Pishko Shamsi, and Kirk H. Sowell
Place of publication: USA
Publisher: Foreign Policy Research Institute
Release date: 2020
The Republic of Iraq has faced considerable challenges after the American-led invasion in 2003 to oust Saddam Hussein, ranging from insurgency to endemic corruption and poor government services. Baghdad has emerged as the epicenter of a broader geopolitical struggle between the United States and Islamic Republic of Iran, two hostile adversaries at odds since the Islamic Revolution toppled the American-friendly Shah in 1979. Amidst these broader challenges, Iraq faced an existential security threat in 2014, after the Islamic State gained strength in Syria, augmented its ranks with foreign fighters, and took control over eastern Syria and parts of western Iraq, including the Iraqi city of Mosul, the country’s second largest city. The war to defeat this group was brutal and fraught, with the Iraqi military bearing the brunt of the casualties fighting for control over densely populated urban areas and vast expanses of desert terrain. The fighting consumed Iraqi affairs for years, blunted the sharp tensions that underpin U.S.-Iran relations, and focused military efforts on the defeat of a common enemy.

In the year since the defeat of the Islamic State, the American role in Iraq has become less clear. The United States has undertaken an aggressive policy, dubbed “Maximum Pressure,” to economically coerce the Iranian government to make a series of concessions, including limits on the development of ballistic missiles and foreign policy changes. This effort included the American withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), the multi-national agreement that placed considerable limits on Iran’s nuclear program and instituted an expansive inspection regime to verify the terms of the deal in exchange for Iran receiving American and European sanctions relief. The Trump administration’s decision to reimpose sanctions severely complicated the arrangement, depriving Iran of the reward for its compliance and setting in motion a series of Iranian steps to try to coerce Europe to continue to uphold trade with the Islamic Republic. The United States, however, has threatened to sanction European entities should they not comply with American policy.

The tensions over sanctions have had a deleterious effect on stability in Iraq and the Middle East, more broadly. The Iranian government has gradually increased its efforts to impose a cost on the United States for using sanctions to end its export of oil, beginning with a series of attacks on oil tankers near the Strait of Hormuz, escalating to include missile strikes on important oil centers in Saudi Arabia’s Abqaiq and Khurais, and then a shooting down an American surveillance drone. In response to rocket attacks inside Iraq, the United States has struck Iraqi militia’s linked to Iran and, in January 2020, assassinated Major General Qasem Soleimani, the now-deceased leader of the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corp. (IRGC), and Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, an Iranian-linked actor that oversaw Iraqi militias sympathetic to the Islamic Republic. In retaliation, the Iranian military fired a salvo of ballistic missiles at bases in Iraq, striking targets with precision, but luckily resulting in no American deaths. The strikes still resulted in over one hundred cases of traumatic brain injury in the soldiers at the targeted bases. The tit-for-tat underscores Iran’s appetite for risk, particularly at time when its economy is under siege from U.S. actions.

Inside Iraq, the government has sought to remain neutral, balancing its vital relationship with Washington against its equally important relationship with Tehran. The Iraqi government is also facing a series of internal challenges: incessant protests about corruption as well as post-conflict challenges following the war against the Islamic State. To analyze the future of Iraqi politics, the Foreign Policy Research Institute has gathered five authors to analyze competing political actors and the issues affecting different constituencies and regions. Each chapter includes a series of policy recommendations for governments to consider as they try to assess Iraq’s political landscape. The first chapter, co-authored by Benedict Robin-D’Cruz and Renad Mansour, evaluates Iraq’s Sadrist movement and why, despite Shi’i cleric Muqtada al-Sadr’s prominence in Iraqi politics, the group remains one of the most complex and frequently misunderstood movements in Iraq. The second chapter, by Pishko Shamsi, focuses on the Kurdistan Regional Government, the competing political actors, and how a failed independence referendum after the defeat of the Islamic State upended the region and prompted a re-evaluation of relations with Baghdad. The third chapter, by Inna Rudolf, assesses the Popular Mobilization Forces, with a focus on Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, the militia leader killed alongside Qasem Soleimani in January 2020 in an American drone strike outside of the Baghdad airport. The fourth chapter, by Ramzy Mardini, examines Iraq’s Sunni population and how they are coping with the tragedies faced during the illegitimate reign of the Islamic State and the challenges that they now face after the group’s defeat. And the final chapter, by Kirk Sowell, explores Iraqi domestic politics, particularly how key political actors interact with the government in Baghdad and how sectarianism influences politics, and what that may portend in the near future.

This edited volume is intended to look beyond the U.S.-Iran competition in the country and explore the drivers of Iraqi politics to provide needed context for policymakers and practitioners studying the country. It was made possible by support from GPD Charitable Trust, an organization working to build partnerships that lead to a more peaceful, prosperous, and stable world, and in collaboration with the DT Institute.[1]
阅读本书: Iraq in Transition: Competing Actors and Complicated Politics
总计下载:97
我们恳请所有的作家,翻译家和出版商告诉我们,如果他们不同意有他们的书籍下载从Kurdipedia服务器。
此项目已被写入(English)的语言,点击图标,以在原来的语言打开的项目!
This item has been written in (English) language, click on icon to open the item in the original language!
此产品已被浏览60
关于这个项目,您的评论!
HashTag
来源
[1] | English | fpri.org
挂钩项目: 4
小组: 图书馆
文章语言: English
书: 政治
文件类型: 原文
方言: 英语
Technical Metadata
项目质量: 99%
99%
添加( هەژار کامەلا 08-02-2024
本文已被审查并发布( زریان سەرچناری )on09-02-2024
此产品最近更新( هاوڕێ باخەوان ):26-06-2024
URL
此产品已被浏览60
Attached files - Version
类型 Version 编者名称
照片文件 1.0.1106 KB 08-02-2024 هەژار کامەلاهـ.ک.
PDF文件 1.0.123 MB 129 08-02-2024 هەژار کامەلاهـ.ک.
Kurdipedia是世界上最大的为库尔德信息来源!
图像和说明
正在接受割礼的七岁少女,库尔德斯坦

Actual
传记
马斯图拉·阿达兰
11-08-2024
شادی ئاکۆیی
马斯图拉·阿达兰
传记
加扎利
19-08-2024
شادی ئاکۆیی
加扎利
的地方
皮兰沙赫尔
08-09-2024
شادی ئاکۆیی
皮兰沙赫尔
烈士
玛莎·阿米尼之死
15-09-2024
شادی ئاکۆیی
玛莎·阿米尼之死
新项目
的地方
皮兰沙赫尔
08-09-2024
شادی ئاکۆیی
传记
加扎利
19-08-2024
شادی ئاکۆیی
传记
尼扎米
12-08-2024
شادی ئاکۆیی
传记
马斯图拉·阿达兰
11-08-2024
شادی ئاکۆیی
的地方
萨勒马斯
07-08-2024
شادی ئاکۆیی
传记
迪尔达尔
02-08-2024
شادی ئاکۆیی
传记
巴赫特雅尔·阿里
27-07-2024
شادی ئاکۆیی
统计属性
文章
  537,605
图片
  109,819
书籍
  20,257
相关文件
  103,968
Video
  1,535
语言
کوردیی ناوەڕاست - Central Kurdish 
305,764
Kurmancî - Upper Kurdish (Latin) 
89,947
هەورامی - Kurdish Hawrami 
65,998
عربي - Arabic 
30,673
کرمانجی - Upper Kurdish (Arami) 
18,081
فارسی - Farsi 
9,731
English - English 
7,554
Türkçe - Turkish 
3,667
لوڕی - Kurdish Luri 
1,690
Deutsch - German 
1,686
Pусский - Russian 
1,140
Français - French 
348
Nederlands - Dutch 
130
Zazakî - Kurdish Zazaki 
91
Svenska - Swedish 
72
Español - Spanish 
55
Polski - Polish 
55
Հայերեն - Armenian 
52
Italiano - Italian 
52
لەکی - Kurdish Laki 
37
Azərbaycanca - Azerbaijani 
27
日本人 - Japanese 
21
中国的 - Chinese 
20
Norsk - Norwegian 
18
Ελληνική - Greek 
16
עברית - Hebrew 
16
Fins - Finnish 
12
Português - Portuguese 
10
Тоҷикӣ - Tajik 
9
Ozbek - Uzbek 
7
Esperanto - Esperanto 
6
Catalana - Catalana 
6
Čeština - Czech 
5
ქართველი - Georgian 
5
Srpski - Serbian 
4
Kiswahili سَوَاحِلي -  
3
Hrvatski - Croatian 
3
балгарская - Bulgarian 
2
हिन्दी - Hindi 
2
Lietuvių - Lithuanian 
2
қазақ - Kazakh 
1
Cebuano - Cebuano 
1
ترکمانی - Turkman (Arami Script) 
1
小组
中国的
传记 
9
的地方 
4
文章 
3
烈士 
1
图像和说明 
1
地图 
1
考古的地方 
1
MP3 
324
PDF 
31,323
MP4 
2,531
IMG 
201,063
∑   总计 
235,241
Kurdipedia是世界上最大的为库尔德信息来源!
图像和说明
正在接受割礼的七岁少女,库尔德斯坦

Kurdipedia.org (2008 - 2024) version: 15.83
| 联系 | CSS3 | HTML5

| 页面生成时间:秒!