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Karim Khan Zand
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Group: Biography | Articles language: Deutsch
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Karim Khan Zand

Karim Khan Zand
Karim Khan-e Zand (persisch کریم خان زند Karim Chān-e Zand, DMG Karīm Ḫān-e Zand, ehemals Muhammad Karim Beg oder Tuschmal Karim; * um 1705; † 2. März 1779 in Schiras) war ein Stammesführer kurdischer Abstammung, General unter Nadir Schah, später selbst Herrscher von Persien (1760–1779) und Gründer der kurzlebigen Dynastie der Zand-Fürsten.

Leben
Nach der Ermordung Nadir Schahs 1747 brach in Persien ein Bürgerkrieg aus. Karim Khan zog mit seinem Stamm, der in Chorasan im Exil lebte, wieder zurück in seine Heimat bei Malayer im Westiran. Er beschloss mit anderen Stammesführern wie Abdulfath und Ali Mardan Khan von den Bachtiaren, das Land in drei Verwaltungsgebiete aufzuteilen und den siebzehnjährigen Ismail III. 1750 als Schah in Isfahan einzusetzen.

Später allerdings misstraute Karim Khan Ali Mardan Khan und ernannte sich zum alleinigen Patron und Stellvertreter (Wakil) des jungen Herrschers. Ali Mardan Khan lehnte sich gegen Karim Khan auf, wurde aber später ermordet. Karim Khan indes schaffte es andere Thronanwärter abzuwehren. So herrschte Karim Khan de facto über fast ganz Persien, außer Chorasan, wo der Enkel Nadir Schahs – Schah Ruch – herrschte. Als Herrscher von Persien legte sich Karim Khan nicht den Titel eines Schahs zu, sondern den eines „Wakil ar-Ra‘aya“ (arabisch وكيل الرعايا, DMG wakīl ar-ra‘āyā ‚Bevollmächtigter/Verteidiger der Untertanen‘).

Während seiner Herrschaft schuf er trotz einiger lokaler Aufstände Frieden im Land. Daneben stellte er Beziehungen zu Großbritannien her und erlaubte der Ostindien-Kompanie, einen Handelsstützpunkt in Südiran zu errichten. Karim Khan machte Schiras zu seiner Hauptstadt, die er ausbauen ließ. An seinem Hof schätzte er musikalische Darbietungen und umgab sich mit jungen Musikerinnen.[2Außenpolitisch nutzte er die Schwäche des Osmanischen Reiches, um 1776 die Hafenstadt Basra zu erobern. Seine letzten Jahren waren von familiären Tragödien und Krankheiten geprägt. Er starb am 2. März 1779. Sein Leichnam wurde später durch die feindliche Nachfolgedynastie der Kadscharen erst nach Teheran und dann nach Nadschaf überführt.

Da Karim Khan keine Nachfolgeregelung getroffen hatte, brach nach seinem Tod 1779 zwischen seinen Brüdern und Verwandten ein blutiger Krieg aus, so dass schon nach kurzer Zeit seine Dynastie endete.[1]
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[1] Website | کوردیی ناوەڕاست | Wikipedia
Linked items: 2
Group: Biography
Articles language: Deutsch
Date of Death: 01-03-1779
Alive?: No
Country of birth: East Kurdistan
Country of death: Iran
Gender: Male
Language - Dialect: Persian
Language - Dialect: Kurdish - Lur
Nation: Kurd
People type: Kurdish Prince
Place of birth: Hamadan
Place of Residence: Diaspora
Technical Metadata
Item Quality: 99%
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Added by ( Hazhar Kamala ) on 31-01-2022
This article has been reviewed and released by ( Hawreh Bakhawan ) on 31-01-2022
This item recently updated by ( Hawreh Bakhawan ) on: 31-01-2022
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Photo file 1.0.134 KB 31-01-2022 Hazhar KamalaH.K.
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