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Kara Fatma
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Group: Biography | Articles language: Deutsch
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Kara Fatma

Kara Fatma
Kara Fatma (* 1888 in Erzurum; † 2. Juli 1955 in Istanbul), bürgerlich Fatma Seher Erden, war eine hochdekorierte türkische Nationalheldin, die 1919 bis 1923 als Soldatin und Milizenführerin im Range eines Oberleutnants (Üsteğmen) während des Türkischen Befreiungskrieges hervorstach.
Das Wort kara bedeutet wörtlich „schwarz“ oder „düster“ und wird als Synonym für „brünett“ verwendet; wenn es für Krieger verwendet wird, bedeutet es allerdings „couragiert“.

Leben
Fatma Seher Erden wurde in Erzurum im Osmanischen Reich geboren. Ihr Vater war der Agha Yusuf. Sie trat erstmals in den Balkankriegen als Soldatin in Erscheinung. Ihr Ehemann und ihre zwei Kinder starben an der Kaukasusfront im Ersten Weltkrieg.
1919 reiste sie nach Sivas, wo sie den von Mustafa Kemal Pascha abgehaltenen Kongress von Sivas besuchte. Sie verlangte, dass sie in der Armee aufgelistet werde. Nach Zustimmung durch Mustafa Kemal Pascha bildete sie eine Milizengruppe. Unter ihrem Kommando standen 43 Frauen und 700 Männer. Sie wurde zweimal durch die griechische Armee gefangen genommen. Nach einem Interview in der Zeitung Tanin wurde sie zum Hauptquartier von General Nikolaos Trikoupis gebracht, wo der General mit ihr sprach. Sie konnte kurz darauf aus dem Gefängnis fliehen. Sie kämpfte an den Fronten in İzmit-Bursa und in Izmir. Nach dem Kolumnisten Yılmaz Özdil war ihre Einheit eine der ersten, die in Izmir während der Einnahme von Izmir, das bis dahin griechisch besetzt war, am 9. September 1922 einmarschierten. Ihre Einheit kontrollierte Karşıyaka nördlich des Golfes von Izmir
Späte Jahre
Obwohl bis 1919 weibliche Soldaten unbekannt waren, wurde Kara Fatma offiziell zur Soldatin ernannt, so wie später Halide Edip Adıvar unter Mustafa Kemal Pascha. Sie begann mit ihrer Militärkarriere als Korporal und endete als Üsteğmen (Erster Leutnant). Sie zog sich dann zurück und spendete ihre Pension dem Türkischen Roten Halbmond. Sie verschwand fast vollständig aus der öffentlichen Erinnerung bis 1933, als ein Journalist sie mit ihrem Enkelkind in einem ehemaligen russischen Kloster Istanbuls in Armut lebend antraf. 1944 veröffentlichte sie ihre Memoiren. Sie wurde geehrt, indem sie an militärischen Paraden der Nationalfeiertage teilnehmen durfte.
Kara Fatma starb am 2. Juli 1955 im Darülaceze, einem Schutzhaus für die Armen und Alten, das von der Stadtverwaltung Istanbul betrieben wird und wo sie die letzten Jahre ihres Lebens verbrachte. Sie wurde am Kulaksız-Friedhof begraben.
Ehrungen und Erbe
Sie wurde von Mustafa Kemal Atatürk mit der Unabhängigkeitsmedaille ausgezeichnet – einer Medaille für Teilnehmer des Unabhängigkeitskriegs.[1]
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Sources
[1] Website | کوردیی ناوەڕاست | Wikipedia
Linked items: 3
Group: Biography
Articles language: Deutsch
Date of Death: 02-07-1955
Alive?: No
Country of birth: North Kurdistan
Gender: Female
Language - Dialect: Turkish
Language - Dialect: Kurdish - Badini
Military rank: First Lieutenant
Nation: Kurd
People type: Chieftain
People type: Military
Place of birth: Arzurom
Place of death: Istanbul
Place of Residence: Diaspora
Technical Metadata
Item Quality: 99%
99%
Added by ( Hazhar Kamala ) on 30-04-2022
This article has been reviewed and released by ( Aras Eilnjaghi ) on 30-04-2022
This item recently updated by ( Aras Eilnjaghi ) on: 30-04-2022
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This item has been viewed 1,512 times
Attached files - Version
Type Version Editor Name
Photo file 1.0.2118 KB 30-04-2022 Hazhar KamalaH.K.
Photo file 1.0.1143 KB 30-04-2022 Hazhar KamalaH.K.
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