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Heraqî
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Heraqî

Heraqî
Hayrî Demir [1]
Heraqî ist der Namen eines êzîdîschen Stammes, der vor allem in den êzîdîschen Siedlungsräumen im Nordirak verbreitet ist. Hier vor allem im Sheikhan-Gebiet. Anders als viele Stämme leitet sich der Name des Heraqî-Stammes nicht von einem Dorf oder einer Gemeinde ab. Angehörige des Heraqî-Stammes werden als Heraqîs bezeichnet und tragen diesen Namen teilweise auch als Nachnamen.

Verbreitung
Der Heraqî-Stamm ist vergleichsweise weit verbreitetet in den êzîdîschen Gemeinden und Dörfern nahe Sheikhan. Der Stamm siedelt ausschließlich im Sheikhan-Gebiet. Viele der Heraqîs leben heute in dem Dorf Baadrê, wo auch das weltliche Oberhaupt der Êzîden seinen Sitz hat. Weitere Dörfer in denen Heraqîs ehemals bzw. bis heute leben sind: Bêban, Karsav, Bozan, Khorazan, Toftiyan, Nisêriyê, Bashiq und Bahzan[1].

Viele dieser Dörfer waren ehemals ausschließlich von Heraqîs bewohnt. In den vergangenen Jahrzehnten haben sich jedoch weitere Stämme in den Dörfer niedergelassen. Noch bis vor wenigen Jahren lebten Heraqîs auch in der Metropole Mossul. Seit 2003 verlassen vermehrt Angehörige des Heraqî-Stammes wie viele andere Êzîden aufgrund der angespannten Sicherheitssituation den Irak. Eine größere Zahl Heraqîs lebt mittlerweile in Deutschland und in Belgien.

Geschichtliches
Namentlich treten die Heraqîs im 13. Jahrhundert in Erscheinung. Zu dieser Zeit soll das von den Heraqîs bewohnte Gebiet nahe Mosul als Heraqî-Gebiet bezeichnet worden sein[2].

In der êzîdîschen Geschichte spielen Bewohner des Heraqî-Gebietes im Konflikt zwischen dem êzîdîschen Heiligen Sheikh Hasan und dem muslimischen Herrscher von Mossul, Badredin Lulu, eine wichtige Rolle. Die Erzählung ist Teil der mündlichen Überlieferungen der êzîdîschen Religion und wird im „Çiroka Siltan Zeng“ sowie im Mythos der „Sieben Söhne der alten Dame“ erzählt.

Der Erzählung nach flieht Sheikh Hasan nach seiner Gefangenschaft durch Badredin Lulu in das Heraqî-Gebiet nahe Mossul. Dort angekommen erreicht er das Haus einer alten Dame. Die verwitwete Greisin erkennt Sheikh Hasan und ruft ihre sieben Söhne herbei. Sie fordert ihre Söhne auf, Sheikh Hasan bis zum letzten Mann zu verteidigen.

Alle sieben Söhne greifen zum Schwert und umstellen das Haus ihrer Mutter, wo sich Sheikh Hasan versteckt hält. Die ersten herannahenden Soldaten des Badredin Lulus können sie töten. Der Hof des Hauses, so heißt es, sei übersät von Leichen der getöteten Soldaten des Badredin Lulus gewesen. Die Soldaten des muslimischen Herrschers umstellen schließlich das Haus und töten alle sieben Söhne und nehmen Sheikh Hasan gefangen.

Im Andenken an diese sieben Söhne ist im im Heiligtum Lalish ein Ort mit sieben „Çîra“-Lichtern (Docht-Lichter) gewidmet, die seit jeher traditionell jeden Mittwoch und Freitag entzündet werden[3].

Zugehörigkeit
Die Heraqîs gehören zur Gruppe der Mirîds. Die Sheikh-Gruppe der Shams ist für den Heraqî-Stamm verantwortlich. Die Pîrê der Heraqîs sind Pîre aus der Pîr Afat-Gruppe.

Literaturverzeichnis
Edmonds, Cecil John: „A pilgrimage to Lalish“, Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland; Luzac, 1967.
Kreyenbroek, Philip G./Rashow, Khalil Jindy: „God and Sheikh Adi are perfect: Sacred Poems and Religious Narratives from the Yezidi Tradition“, Wiesbaden 2005
Pîr Dîma/L. Îavasko/S. Grîgoriyêv: „Lalişa Nûranî – Peristgeha Êzidiyan“, Jekaterinburg, 2008.
_________________
[1] Edmonds 1967, S. 81 ff.
[2] Kreyenbroek/Rashow 2005, S. 116 ff.
[3] Pîr Dîma/L. Îavasko/S. Grîgoriyêv 2008, S. 83

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