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Kurdinnen und Kurden – Eine kurze Übersicht
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Kurdinnen und Kurden – Eine kurze Übersicht

Kurdinnen und Kurden – Eine kurze Übersicht
In den vergangenen Jahrzehnten wurde in den Nachrichten immer wieder über die Kurdinnen und Kurden berichtet. Meist ging es in den Meldungen um Krieg, Unterdrückung und Vertreibung. Derartige Ereignisse ziehen sich wie ein roter Faden durch die Geschichte dieses Volkes, das sich selbst oft als eine von der Weltgemeinschaft verratene und vergessene Gemeinschaft bezeichnet. Die Kurdinnen und Kurden sind im Nahen Osten beheimatet, gelten aber bis heute als das größte Volk ohne eigenen Staat. In den folgenden Kapiteln soll ein Überblick über die kulturellen, religiösen und gesellschaftlichen Eigenheiten, die Geschichte und aktuelle Situation der Kurden gegeben werden. Wer sind die Kurdinnen und Kurden?
Die Kurdinnen und Kurden sind eine autochthone Volksgruppe, deren Hauptsiedlungsgebiete im Norden des Irak, im Nordosten Syriens, im Osten der Türkei und im Nordwesten des Iran liegen. Die Kurden nennen ihre Heimat Kurdistan, was „Land der Kurden“ bedeutet, und ihre Bevölkerungszahl wird insgesamt auf 25 bis 35 Millionen geschätzt. Die Kurdinnen und Kurden werden daher oft als das größte Volk ohne einen eigenen Staat bezeichnet. Bis 1918 beherrschte das Osmanische Reich mehrere Jahrhunderte lang die verschiedenen von Kurdinnen und Kurden besiedelten Regionen. In den Wirren nach dem Zusammenbruch des Osmanischen Reiches versprach der Gründer der Türkischen Republik, Mustafa Kemal, kurdischen Vertretern in Anatolien die politische Unabhängigkeit, sollten sie die türkische Seite im Kampf gegen die als Bedrohung empfundenen Minderheiten Anatoliens unterstützen, allen voran gegen die christlichen Armenierinnen und Armenier. Auch der im Jahr 1920 geschlossene Friedensvertrag von Sèvres sah für die Kurdinnen und Kurden die Unabhängigkeit vor. Als die Siegermächte des Ersten Weltkrieges, Großbritannien und Frankreich, jedoch ihren Interessen entsprechend die Staaten Irak und Syrien gründeten, rückte die Gründung eines eigenen kurdischen Staates in weite Ferne. 1923 war im Folgevertrag von Lausanne keine Rede mehr von kurdischer Unabhängigkeit, da durch die geschickte Politik Mustafa Kemals und dem Sieg der Türkinnen und Türken im griechisch-türkischen Krieg viele Punkte des Vertrages von 1920 zugunsten des neuen türkischen Staates revidiert wurden.[1]
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[1] Website | Deutsch | raa-brandenburg.de
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Added by ( Hazhar Kamala ) on 12-02-2023
This article has been reviewed and released by ( Sara Kamela ) on 13-02-2023
This item recently updated by ( Sara Kamela ) on: 08-04-2023
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