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Library
ISIS AND PROPAGANDA: HOW ISIS EXPLOITS WOMEN
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GENDER AND CONFLICT ANALYSI...
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Vertrag von Lausanne
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lausanne-konferenz-karikatur

lausanne-konferenz-karikatur
Lausanne, Vertrag von

Der am 23-7-1923 geschlossene Vertrag von L. beendete den Griechisch-Türkischen Krieg (1919–22). In ihm anerkannten die Entente-Mächte den Sieg der türkischen Unabhängigkeitsbewegung unter Mustafa Kemal über die mit Unterstützung Großbritanniens in Anatolien eingefallene griechische Armee an.

Der Vertrag von L. erklärte den Vertrag von Sèvres (1920) für ungültig und ermöglichte die Gründung der modernen – von der internationalen Völkergemeinschaft anerkannten – türkischen Republik im Herbst 1923. Die siegreiche türkische Partei, in L. vertreten durch İsmet İnönu, erkannte ihrerseits die im Ersten Weltkrieg erlittenen Gebietsverluste an. Diese umfassten insbesondere die arabischen Provinzen (die heutigen Staaten Syrien, Jordanien, Libanon, Israel und Irak). Somit etablierte der Vertrag bis auf die erst 1939 hinzukommende Provinz İskenderun die noch heute bestehenden Grenzen der Türkei. Weiterhin regelte das Vertragswerk die von der Türkei zu leistenden Reparationszahlungen an die Siegermächte, sowie die Begleichung der osmanischen Reichsschulden durch die neu entstandene türkische Republik.

Gemäß dem Vertrag waren die Meerengen (Dardanellen und Bosporus) zu demilitarisieren; fremde Kriegsschiffe von bis zu 10.000 t erhielten in Friedenszeiten das Recht zur Passage. Die sog. Kapitulationen, Vorrechte für Ausländer im Osmanischen Reich, wurden abgeschafft. Der Vertrag von L. schloss weiterhin ein Abkommen über einen „Bevölkerungsaustausch“ zwischen der Türkei und Griechenland ein. In dessen Folge mussten ca. 1,5 Mio. Griechen Anatolien verlassen; das Gleiche galt für ca. eine halbe Million Türken aus Griechenland. Die in dem nun Griechenland zugeschlagenen Türken Westthrakiens wurden vom Bevölkerungsaustausch ausgenommen, im Gegenzug erhielten die in Istanbul lebenden Griechen Bleiberecht.

Ziel dieser u. a. von der US-Administration unter Präsident Wilson angeregten Maßnahme war es, die durch nationale Minderheiten ausgelösten Spannungen zu verringern. So sollte der Frieden auf Basis klarer definierter Nationalitätengrenzen gesichert werden. Allerdings brachte die durch einen zwischenstaatlichen Vertrag sanktionierte Vertreibung großes Leid über die betroffenen Menschen. Sie verloren ihre Heimat und ihren Besitz. Viele starben während der oft brutal durchgeführten Umsiedlungsmaßnahmen.

Andere auf dem Territorium der türkischen Republik lebende Minderheiten (Armenier, Kurden, Assyrer) wurden im Vertragswerk nicht namentlich erwähnt. Die türkische Regierung verpflichtete sich zum Schutz aller Bürger ohne Ansehen ihrer Religion, Ethnizität oder Sprache. Religiöse Gebäude, Schulen etc. insbesondere der nichtmuslimischen Minoritäten wurden unter Schutz gestellt sowie das Recht zur Benutzung anderer Sprachen außer türkisch auch in der Presse, im Grundschulunterricht und im Umgang mit den Behörden verankert. Die Einhaltung dieser Verpflichtungen durch die türkische Regierung sollte durch den Völkerbund überwacht werden.[1]
This item has been written in (Deutsch) language, click on icon to open the item in the original language!
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[1] Website | Deutsch | eeo.aau.at
Linked items: 14
Group: Articles
Articles language: Deutsch
Content category: Kurdish Issue
Content category: Politic
Language - Dialect: German
Original Language: German
Publication Type: Born-digital
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Added by ( Hazhar Kamala ) on 19-04-2023
This article has been reviewed and released by ( Ziryan Serchinari ) on 24-04-2023
This item recently updated by ( Hazhar Kamala ) on: 24-04-2023
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Articles 524,010
Images 106,077
Books 19,747
Related files 99,056
Video 1,437
Languages
کوردیی ناوەڕاست 
300,567

Kurmancî - Kurdîy Serû 
88,732

هەورامی 
65,711

عربي 
28,769

کرمانجی - کوردیی سەروو 
16,152

فارسی 
8,349

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7,151

Türkçe 
3,567

Deutsch 
1,455

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84

Svenska 
56

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44

Español 
39

Italiano 
39

لەکی 
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Azərbaycanca 
20

日本人 
18

עברית 
14

Norsk 
14

Ελληνική 
13

中国的 
11

Kurdipedia is the largest multilingual sources for Kurdish information!
Biography
Sirwan Mahmood Rasheed
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Biography
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Hassoun Caves
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Folders
Biography - Gender - Male Biography - Nation - Kurd Library - Country - Province - Outside Articles - Country - Province - Kurdistan Biography - People type - Figure Biography - People type - Author Biography - People type - (Mercenaries) Biography - People type - Enfalçî Biography - People type - Administrative Biography - People type - Victim of civil war

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