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Di Kitabeya Bîhustûn da peyva “Zazana”
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Di Kitabeya Bîhustûn da peyva “Zazana”

Di Kitabeya Bîhustûn da peyva “Zazana”
Di Kitabeya Bîhustûn da peyva “Zazana”
#Roşan Lezgîn#

Daryûşê Mezin (berî mîladê 549-485) di dema îqtîdara xwe da, li rojhilatê Kurdistanê, li nêzî bajarê Kirmanşanê, li cihê ku niha jê re dibêjin “Bîhustûn” bi farisîya kevin, bi Îlamî û bi Aqadî li ser latekî metnek daye nivîsandin. Ev peyva ku niha wekî “bîhustûn” tê gotin, di eslê xwe da ji peyva “bagastana” çêbûye ku di zimanên kevin da tê manaya “cihê Xwedê”. Metna farisî di 5 stûnan da 414 rêz, metna îlamî di 8 stûnan da 593 rêz û metna aqadî jî ji 112 rêzan pêk tê.
Cara pêşî efserekî îngilîz yê bi navê Rawlinson Henry (1810-1895) sê sal li ser vê kitabeyê şixulîye û di sala 1835an da metna farisî tercume kirîye. Paşê, di serpereştîya wî da ekîbek li ser şixulîye û metnên îlamî û aqadî jî tercume kirine.
Di stûna pêşîn, paragrafa nehan, rêza 92yem ya metna farisî da peyvek heye ku bi sê awayan transkrîbe bûye: “Zazặna“, “Za-iz-za-an” û “Za-za-an-nu“. Paragrafa ku ev peyv têde derbas dibe, min bi alîkarîya Macîd Kurdistanî wergerand (i).
Paragraf wisa ye:
“Şah Daryûş dibêje: Piştî wê min ajot ser Babîlê. Hê ku ez negihabûm Babîlê, li ser Feratê bi navê Zazặna bajarek heye, li wê derê, ev Nid’ît-Biêrê ku xwe nebûkêdrçêr dizane, ji bo ku li hemberî min ceng bike, bi artêşekê ve hat. Dû re me ceng kir. Ahuramazda ji min re alîkarîyê kerem kir. Di saya Ahuramazdayê de min artêşa Nid’ît-Biêrî bi giranî şikand. Yên ku man xwe avêtin avê. Avê hemî birin. Ji meha Enamekê re du roj bihurîbûn ku me wisa ceng kir.“
Li gorî tarîxnasan ev pevçûn berî mîladê di roja 13ê Kanûna Pêşîn ya 522yan da qewimîye.
Lînguîst Roland G. Kent (1877-1952) vê peyvê wek “Zazặna” nivîsandîye û dibêje “Li jorê Babîlê, li ser çemê Feratê bajarek e.”(1)Li gor telafûza zimanê Îlamî wek “Za-iz-za-an” û li gor telafuza zimanê Aqadî jî wek “Za-za-an-nu” nivîsandiye. Kek Macid Kurdistanî got di farisîya îro da ev peyv wek “Zazane” tê gotin. Di çavkanîyeka din da jî wisa derbas dibe: “Zâzâna: Li nêzî Babîlê, li kevîya Feratê bajarek.“(2) Babîl li jêrê Bexdadê nêzîkî Kendawa Besrayê ye.
Telafuza peyva “Zaza” ku îro ji bo grûbeka kurdan tê gotin û ew peyva ku di Kitabeya Bîhustûn da derbas dibe yek nîne. Bi taybetî dengê “a”yê ku piştî dengê “z”yê tê gotin, îhtîmaleka mezin (ع) eyna alfabeya erebî ye û telafuza wê wekî “زاعزاعن” (za’za’nni) ye. Di ferhenga erebî-tirkî ya Arif Erkanî El-Beyan da “زاع” tê manaya “jihevkirin; berdan”ê. Dîsa, di erebî da peyva “زعزاع” (ze’za’) heye ku tê manaya “bayê xurt”. Peyva “el-zazîyye” jî wek navekî topografîk tê manaya “tepe, gir, cihê sert/hişk”. Muhtemelen di zimanên kevin yên mîna aqadî da peyveka wisa hebûye, derbasî îbranî bûye û ji wir jî derbasî erebî bûye.
Peyva ku di Kitabeya Bîhustûn da derbas dibe, baş dîyar e ku tenê navê bajarekî wê demê ye, navê grûb yan miletekê, yanî navê etnîkî nîne. Eleqeya wê bi vî navê “Zaza” ku îro ji grûbeka kurdan re tê gotin jî nîne. Eger grûbek yan qewmekî bi navê Zaza di tarîxê da hebûya, di vê dewra qasî 2500 salî de hetmen dê li derekê bihata behskirin. Lê hinek kesên ku dixwazin kurdên zaza ji nav kurdbûnê derxin, dibêjin “Qralê persan Daryûşî berî Mîladê di kitabeya xwe de behsa zazayan kiriye. Dêrsim û Elezîz wekî ‘Zazana’ hatine binavkirin.” Heta ku kovareka basît ya bi navê Zazana jî derxistin. Lê bingeha vê îdîayê nîne. Tu eleqeya wî bajarê Zazặna ku wê demê wêran bûye çûye bi Dêrsim û Elezîzê ve jî tune ye. Û jixwe Çemê Feratê ji jorê Kurdistanê dest pê dike heta bi Kendawa Besrayê diçe. Kevîya Feratê ku behsa wê dibe jî nêzîkî Besrayê ye.
Ji bo vê grûba kurd ku xwe “Kird” û zimanê xwe jî “Kirdî” bi nav dike peyva “Zaza” cara pêşîn ji alîyê Ewlîya Çelebî (1611-1678) ve wek îzafe hatiye nivîsîn. Pêşî dibêje “ekrad-i zaza”, dûre jî dibêje “aşiret-i zaza”. Menşea vî navê “Zaza” muhtemelen ji peyva “Zewazan” (pirhejmarîya zozanê) ye ku di gelek çavkanîyên erebî da ji bo herêma çiyayî ya bakurê Kurdistanê hatîye gotin.
*****
[i] Kek Macidî li ser zimanên kevin yên Îranî master kiriye. Ji bo alîkarîyê, ez jê re gelek sipas dikim.
Çavkanî
(1)Roland G. Kent, Old Persian – Grammar Texts Lexicon, American Oriental Society, New Fiaven, Connecticut, 1950, r. 211
(2) The Sculptures and Inscription of Darius The Great on The Rock of Behistûn in Persia – A New Collation of The Persian, Susian and Babylonian Texts With English Translations, Etc., 1907, r. 219
[1]

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[1] Website | Kurmancî | https://botantimes.com/ - 06-07-2023
Linked items: 54
1. Biography Dr. Nureddin Zaza
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Group: Articles
Articles language: Kurmancî
Publication date: 14-06-2023 (1 Year)
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Country - Province: North Kurdistan
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Language - Dialect: Kurdish - Kurmanji - Latin
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