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Şaneder-Höhle: Gesicht von 75.000 Jahre alter Neandertalerin rekonstruiert
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Şaneder-Höhle: Gesicht von 75.000 Jahre alter Neandertalerin rekonstruiert

Şaneder-Höhle: Gesicht von 75.000 Jahre alter Neandertalerin rekonstruiert
Forschende haben aus Knochenfragmenten das Gesicht einer #Neandertalerin# rekonstruiert, die Mitte 40 gewesen sein soll, als sie vor knapp 75.000 Jahren starb und in der Şaneder-Höhle im heutigen Südkurdistan bestattet wurde.
Ein Team aus britischen Forschenden und niederländischen Kunstschaffenden unter der Leitung der Universität Cambridge hat aus Knochenfragmenten das Gesicht einer Neandertalerin rekonstruiert, die etwa Mitte 40 gewesen sein soll, als sie vor knapp 75.000 Jahren starb und in einer Höhle im heutigen Südkurdistan bestattet wurde. Die Überreste der Frau waren 2018 in der Zewî Çemî Şaneder, auch bekannt als Şaneder-Höhle oder Schanidar , ausgegraben worden. Der Schädel wurde vermutlich kurz nach dem Tod der Neandertalerin durch Steinschlag zerquetscht und über tausende Jahre durch Sedimente weiter abgeflacht.

Den Wissenschaftler:innen gelang es nun, zunächst den Schädel aus hunderten Einzelteilen dreidimensional zusammenzufügen und auf dieser Basis das Gesicht der Neandertalerin zu rekonstruieren. Dass der Schädel zu einer etwa Mittvierzigerin gehört, leitete das Forschungsteam aus ihren Zähnen ab, die schon fast bis zu den Wurzeln abgekaut waren. Emma Pomeroy, einer an dem Projekt beteiligten Paläoanthropologin vom Cambridge Department of Archaeology, wurde von der BBC mit den Worten zitiert: „»Wenn die Zähne so abgenutzt sind, ist das Kauen nicht mehr so effektiv. Daher ist sie nicht mehr in der Lage, ganz normal zu essen“. Auch gebe es weitere Anzeichen für eine schlechte Zahngesundheit, darunter Infektionen und einige Zahnfleischerkrankungen.
Die veröffentlichten Bilder zeigen eine Frau mit einem kräftigen, hervorstehenden Kiefer, großer Nase und tiefen Augenwülsten. Nach Angaben von Pomeroy sind die Schädel von Neandertaler-Menschen und modernen Menschen sehr unterschiedlich. So hätten Neandertaler-Schädel riesige Brauenkämme und kein Kinn, mit einem vorspringenden Mittelgesicht, das zu einer hervortretenden Nase führt. Das nun nachgebildete Gesicht der Neandertalerin deute aber darauf hin, dass diese Unterschiede in der Realität gar nicht so krass gewesen seien.

Pomeroy zufolge ist anhand der Gesichtsrekonstruktion vielleicht einfacher zu erkennen, wie es im Laufe des Zusammenlebens von modernen Menschen und Neandertaler:innen zu Kreuzungen der beiden Spezies kam, weswegen fast alle heute lebenden Menschen Neandertaler-DNA besitzen. Die Neandertaler:innen selbst starben vor etwa 40.000 Jahren aus. Die Rekonstruktion des Gesichts der „Shanidar Z“ genannten Neandertaler-Frau, die etwa 1,50 Meter groß gewesen sein dürfte, wurde von BBC Science für die Dokumentation „Secrets of Neanderthals“ begleitet, die weltweit auf Netflix zu sehen ist. Der deutsche Titel des Films lautet „Geheimnisse der Neandertaler“.
Die Şaneder-Höhle, die am Bradost (Sîdekan) in den Ausläufern des Zagrosgebirges liegt, ist der einzige bekannte Neandertaler-Fundort östlich des Jordans und dafür weltberühmt. Forschende um den inzwischen verstorbenen Archäologen Ralph Stefan Solecki von der amerikanischen Columbia University hatten hier bereits in den 1950er Jahren die sterblichen Überreste von neun Neandertaler-Menschen gefunden, darunter Männer, Frauen und Kinder. Ein Skelett war umgeben von Resten urzeitlicher Pollen. Als in der Archäologie tätige Fachforschende 2015 nach Şaneder zurückkehrten, fanden sie hier die Überreste von drei weiteren Neandertaler-Menschen, darunter das Skelett von Shanidar Z.[1]

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[1] Website | Deutsch | anfdeutsch.com 02-05-2024
Linked items: 4
Group: Articles
Articles language: Deutsch
Publication date: 02-05-2024 (0 Year)
Content category: Articles & Interviews
Content category: Anthropology
Country - Province: South Kurdistan
Language - Dialect: German
Publication Type: Born-digital
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Item Quality: 94%
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Added by ( Hazhar Kamala ) on 09-05-2024
This article has been reviewed and released by ( Sara Kamela ) on 09-05-2024
This item recently updated by ( Sara Kamela ) on: 09-05-2024
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