Toshba Castle,
in the city of Van/ Northern Kurdistan , 840 BC - 825 BC. Toshba Castle is located on the banks of Lake Van, 5 km from the western side of the Kurdish city of Van. This castle was built on a steep slope. It is a fortified structure built by the Kingdom of Urartu from blocks, which overlooked the Urartian capital (Tushba) from above. The building is 1800 meters long, 120 meters wide, and 80 meters high. Tushba Castle was founded in the ninth century BC by the Urartian king Sardori I, 840 BC - 825 BC, son of King Lotibri, It is believed that this castle was used to monitor the Urartian capital Tushba and not to confront foreign armies. As a result of the archaeological excavations carried out by Russian archaeologists from the Russian Antiquities Society in Toshba Castle between the years (1915 AD - 1916 AD), the records of the Urartian King Sarduri I were captured, and the exact plan of the castle was drawn.
And they discovered that the retaining walls of the castle had been fortified by King Sardori I, thanks to an inscription written in the Assyrian language between those walls, The castle was restored several times during the later historical stages. As for the city of Tuşpa, it was built in the middle of the ninth century BC by the Urartian king Sardori I, 840 BC - 825 BC,
It was the capital of the Urartian kingdom from the ninth century BC to the seventh century BC.
The ruins of the ancient city are located on the eastern shore of Lake Van, and to the west of the Kurdish city of Van, which is considered one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world.
After the Urartians, the city (Tushpa) and all the lands of the Kingdom of Urartu fell under the rule of the Median Empire, the Achaemenid Empire, the Seleucid Empire, the Armenian Kingdom, the Byzantine Empire, the Kingdom of Vaspurakan, the Seljuk Dynasty, the Ottoman Empire, and the Republic of Turkey.[1] [2]